If you receive Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI), you may be wondering: Can you work while on SSDI? The answer is yes—but with specific rules and limitations. While SSDI provides financial support to those unable to work due to a disability, the Social Security Administration (SSA) recognizes that many individuals may want to explore employment opportunities. Understanding SSDI can help you make informed decisions about employment while maintaining your benefits.
Can You Work While on SSDI?
Yes, you can work while receiving SSDI, but the Social Security Administration (SSA) has strict guidelines about how much you can earn before it affects your benefits. The SSA determines a threshold known as Substantial Gainful Activity (SGA), which is a monthly earnings limit. If you earn more than this amount, the SSA may decide you are no longer disabled and may stop your benefits. However, there are work incentive programs designed to help beneficiaries return to work gradually without immediately losing benefits.
SSDI Trial Work Period (TWP)
The SSDI Trial Work Period allows beneficiaries to test their ability to work for up to nine months within a rolling 60-month period without losing benefits. During this time, you can earn any amount without affecting your SSDI payments. The SSA defines a trial work month as any month in which you earn over a specified amount (which changes yearly). After completing the TWP, your earnings will be evaluated against the SGA limit to determine ongoing eligibility.
SSDI Work Incentives
SSDI includes several work incentives to encourage beneficiaries to return to the workforce without immediate financial risk.
- Extended Period of Eligibility (EPE): After the TWP, you enter a 36-month period where you can still receive benefits for any month in which your earnings remain below the SGA limit.
- Expedited Reinstatement: If your benefits stop due to earnings but you later find you cannot continue working due to your disability, you can request benefit reinstatement without going through the full application process.
- Impairment-Related Work Expenses (IRWE): Certain disability-related work expenses (such as specialized equipment or medical treatments) can be deducted from your earnings when calculating SGA.
Returning to Work After SSDI
Many individuals on SSDI consider re-entering the workforce. Programs like the Trial Work Period and Extended Period of Eligibility allow you to do so without immediate loss of benefits. Additionally, SSDI work incentives are designed to ensure a smooth transition if you decide to return to employment.
Reporting Income While on SSDI
If you work while receiving SSDI, you must report your income to the SSA. Failure to report earnings accurately could result in overpayments, which may require repayment. Income can be reported online, over the phone, or in person at a Social Security office.
SSDI and Part-Time Work
Working part-time while on SSDI is an option as long as your earnings do not exceed the SGA limit. Some people find that part-time work allows them to supplement their income while maintaining eligibility for benefits.
Ticket to Work Program and SSDI
The Ticket to Work Program is a free and voluntary program that provides employment support services for SSDI recipients who want to return to work. It includes vocational training, job placement assistance, and other resources to help individuals achieve financial independence. Participation in the program can extend access to work incentives and provide extra support during the transition back to employment.
SSDI and Self-Employment
Self-employment is another avenue for SSDI recipients. However, the SSA evaluates self-employment income differently than traditional employment. Instead of just looking at monthly earnings, they consider factors such as hours worked and the value of services provided. Self-employed individuals on SSDI must carefully track their income and work activity to ensure they remain within SSA guidelines.
Navigating work while receiving SSDI can be complex, but understanding the rules and available programs can help you make informed decisions. Whether considering part-time work, self-employment, or a full return to the workforce, SSDI offers multiple incentives to ease the transition. Be sure to stay informed about reporting requirements and work within SSA guidelines to protect your benefits while exploring employment opportunities.